Brazilian Student Movement: A Resilient Resistance Against the Far Right

In response to Jair Bolsonaro’s policies, Brazil’s student activists organized significant protests to safeguard higher education. Even after Bolsonaro’s exit from power, the remnants of his ideology persist, prompting renewed student engagement at national congresses. Brazilian student movements, rooted in a history of anti-authoritarian struggle, emphasize a diversified agenda that includes anti-racism and environmentalism. As they confront present-day challenges, students seek unity against the far right while navigating ideological differences within the left.

In January 2019, when Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s far-right former president, took office, student activists quickly mobilized against his administration. They organized the “Tsunami” protests in May, which sought to defend higher education institutions from significant funding cuts he proposed. This movement marked the beginning of extensive resistance led by students and teachers who demonstrated in the streets to protect their academic rights and values.

Although Bolsonaro no longer holds executive power, the remnants of his ideology, known as Bolsonarismo, persist, prompting ongoing vigilance among students. Current President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva faces low approval ratings, compounded by a global resurgence of right-wing politics. In response, students rallied shortly after Donald Trump’s second inauguration to strategize their resistance at the Biennial of the National Student Union (UNE) and the parallel CONEB Congress, fostering debates on the future of Brazil and global anti-fascism.

Brazil’s student movements have been resisting far-right forces for almost a century. Established in 1937, the UNE has played a crucial role in shaping the nation. Under Brazil’s military dictatorship, the UNE faced severe repression, exemplified by the arson of its headquarters in 1964. Student activism continued clandestinely, leading to pivotal protests such as the “march of 100,000” in 1968 after the death of a student protester. Many students, including prominent leaders, were lost to state violence during this dark period in history.

The current generation of Brazilian students has evolved, reflecting demographic changes propelled by policies such as affirmative action. Activists today broaden their agenda to encompass feminism, anti-racism, and environmentalism, while still maintaining a firm commitment to preserving higher education rights. Their deep-rooted historical awareness inspires them to confront contemporary issues and resist current dangers posed by right-wing ideologies.

During significant gatherings such as the Congress, approximately 10,000 students engage in spirited discussions and various activities, including chanting and drafting resolutions. Although the atmosphere is celebratory, the underlying threats from Bolsonaro’s recent political actions, including a thwarted coup attempt, heavily influence their conversations. At this Congress, students emphasized the importance of remembrance and accountability concerning past dictatorial actions.

In addressing the pressing political realities, students express a strong desire for unity against the far right. However, they confront ideological divisions on how best to forge a cohesive left movement. The present student leadership, embodied by groups like The Majority and UJS, ranges in approach, while others, such as The Leftist Opposition, advocate for a more independent stance to counteract current neoliberal policies.

Despite these differences, there is a collective acknowledgment of the necessity to counter the global rise of far-right movements. The Congress was marked by a commitment to activism across various fronts, focusing on issues such as climate change and anti-racism. With the upcoming COP30 climate conference on the horizon, activists have begun to organize parallel grassroots movements to influence policy conversations and ensure accountability from leaders.

Brazilian student movements are aligned with global resistance efforts, utilizing actions like marches and protests, alongside strategic political education. This multifaceted approach emphasizes the importance of solidarity and commitment to sustained organizing in response to neoliberal policies and rising fascism. While the path forward is arduous, the student activists remain determined to engage their communities and translate their commitments into tangible action.

The vigor of students at the Congress and their call to action reveal their resilience and determination. As articulated by key figures within the movement, this struggle remains pivotal, with activists affirming that a resurgence of far-right ideologies is a critical concern requiring unwavering attention and diligent mobilization. Alice Taylor, an academic specializing in social movements, reflects on her extensive fieldwork, emphasizing the necessary connection between youth activism and broader political dynamics in Brazil.

Brazil’s student movement is characterized by a rich historical legacy of resistance against authoritarianism and fascism. In the face of contemporary challenges, these activists are vehemently opposing nefarious right-wing ideologies. By confidently asserting their presence in political discussions both nationally and globally, today’s students advocate for a multitude of causes, from educational rights to climate justice. Their unwavering commitment to activism exemplifies the transformative power of youth-led movements in shaping the future of politics in Brazil and beyond.

Original Source: nacla.org