India’s Strategic Move to Explore Critical Minerals in Zambia, Congo, and Australia

India is exploring critical mineral mining in Zambia, Congo, and Australia to secure raw materials like lithium, essential for energy transition technologies. Major companies like Coal India and NMDC are involved, while efforts are also underway in Jammu and Kashmir. The government allocated Rs 63 billion to develop this crucial sector, reducing dependency on imports.

India is actively pursuing the mining of critical minerals in Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Australia, as reported by Mines Secretary V.L. Kantha Rao. This initiative is part of India’s strategy to secure essential raw materials such as lithium, which are vital for energy transition technologies. Key companies involved in this exploration include Coal India, NMDC, and ONGC Videsh, particularly in Australia.

The Indian government aims to decrease its dependency on imported minerals, specifically lithium—an area currently dominated by Chinese advancements in processing technology. Furthermore, the Zambian government has permitted India to explore 9,000 square kilometers for cobalt and copper extraction. In addition to Zambia, India is also considering mining opportunities in Congo and Tanzania.

Mines Minister G Kishan Reddy further announced that India intends to explore lithium reserves located in Jammu and Kashmir, with clarity on developments anticipated by May 2025. In February 2023, the government identified its first lithium deposits in Jammu and Kashmir, estimated at 5.9 million metric tons, although attempts to auction mining rights have not yet yielded success.

In recent years, India has classified over 20 minerals, including lithium, as critical to meeting energy transition demands and supporting industrial growth. In January 2025, the government allocated Rs 63 billion (approximately $1.88 billion) specifically for the development of the critical minerals sector, underscoring its commitment to reducing mineral import reliance and fostering domestic resource utilization.

In summary, India is strategically expanding its exploration and mining efforts for critical minerals in several countries, with a specific focus on lithium to support its energy goals. The collaboration with foreign nations and investment in domestic reserves, such as those in Jammu and Kashmir, reflect a robust approach to securing essential raw materials. The government’s commitment of substantial financial resources to this sector highlights its significance for India’s economic and energy future.

Original Source: www.business-standard.com