M23 Rebels Leverage Military Gains to Withdraw from Negotiations in East Congo

The M23 rebels in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, bolstered by military gains, have withdrawn from negotiations with the Congolese government following the imposition of EU sanctions. Despite a call for a ceasefire from Congolese President Tshisekedi and Rwandan President Kagame, the rebels remain strong on the battlefield. Various peace initiatives have compounded mistrust, complicating efforts for resolution.

For several years, the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have sought direct negotiations with the Congolese government. Their recent military successes have empowered them to dismiss dialogue, aiming for greater concessions. After President Felix Tshisekedi’s administration, which has struggled following M23’s capture of major cities, agreed to talks in Angola, the rebels withdrew, citing European Union sanctions against their leaders as a reason, making negotiations seem “impracticable.”

The rebel group, known as the Congo River Alliance (AFC), leveraged the sanctions to avoid negotiations without a guarantee of significant benefits, said Tresor Kibangula, a political analyst. Tshisekedi held a surprise meeting with Rwandan President Paul Kagame, during which both leaders called for a ceasefire, marking their first discussion since the escalation of violence began in January. However, the effectiveness of this meeting remains uncertain as M23 continues to gain momentum on the battlefield.

M23’s previous statements indicate a demand to cease what they perceive as the persecution of ethnic Tutsis by the Congolese government. Meanwhile, Kinshasa categorically labels the rebels as terrorists. Observing the current military dynamics, political scientist Jason Stearns stated, “Why would M23 stop if they have the upper hand militarily?” Notably, Rwanda has refuted allegations of aiding M23, asserting its military actions are defensive against hostilities from Congo.

The complex landscape of multiple peace initiatives complicates negotiations. Various efforts, including those from Qatar, have led to a profound distrust among the involved parties. Angola’s attempts to mediate discussions have struggled since late 2022, primarily due to DRC’s opposition to engagement with M23. In February, a decision was made to consolidate peace initiatives; however, competing interests have raised concerns that M23 could exploit any delays for territorial gains.

Recently, Angolan President Joao Lourenco announced direct talks with M23. Despite initial agreement to participate, doubts arose among the rebels regarding Lourenco’s impartiality, exacerbated by logistical failures in connecting the parties. Meanwhile, a recent joint meeting of the East African Community and Southern African Development Community proposed a roadmap for conflict resolution, which aims to secure a ceasefire within 30 days. Yet, mistrust persists among all factions, highlighting the urgent need for unified perspectives among African nations.

The ongoing conflict in eastern Congo remains fraught with complexity as M23 rebels leverage military successes to evade negotiations, citing external sanctions and rising tensions in the region. Despite calls for ceasefires, mutual distrust among the involved parties hampers progress toward peace. The situation underscores the necessity for cohesive regional engagement to facilitate a successful resolution. The international community’s role in mediation could be pivotal in breaking the cycle of mistrust and violence.

Original Source: www.straitstimes.com