The Struggles and Risks Facing Colombia’s Environmental Defenders

In Colombia, environmental activists, notably Waldina Muñoz, face severe threats despite government pledges to enhance environmental protection. The country leads in killings of environmental defenders, emphasizing the dangerous conditions they endure. Although President Petro’s administration has initiated various environmental measures, violence from criminal organizations continues to threaten activists’ lives. The inadequate protection systems for defenders highlight the ongoing need for governmental action beyond mere promises.

In Colombia, despite promises from President Gustavo Petro to prioritize environmental initiatives, environmental activists face significant threats. Waldina Muñoz, the leader of the Guardians of the Forest, represents the struggles these activists face as they combat destructive projects by oil and mining companies while safeguarding their cultural heritage. She has endured violence and intimidation, highlighting the dire situation for environmental defenders in the country.

Colombia, known for its immense biodiversity, tragically leads the world in documented killings of environmental activists. A recent Global Witness report recorded 79 fatalities in 2023, signifying a dire trend as Colombia contributes to 40% of all environmental killings globally. Additionally, activists suffer from non-fatal assaults, such as harassment and forced disappearances, further indicating a pervasive environment of danger.

The violence persists despite Colombia’s commitment to environmental justice, evidenced by hosting the COP16 U.N. Biodiversity Conference and banning new fossil fuel explorations. Nevertheless, armed groups and criminal organizations target those who oppose illegal and environmental exploitation, severely threatening the safety of environmental defenders like Muñoz.

Following the peace agreement with FARC in 2016, violence against activists has not abated, as dissident groups emerge, creating a perilous atmosphere for those advocating for environmental protection. Major crimes are often linked to corrupt criminal groups targeting defenders whose efforts disrupt their illicit activities.

International businesses have also allegedly contributed to this violence by employing armed groups to threaten environmental defenders. Indigenous individuals, who represent a significant portion of environmental defenders, are particularly at risk due to their role in safeguarding valuable lands and resources.

There is a symbiotic relationship between Indigenous communities and the environment, reflected in their collective worldview. Environmental protection is deeply ingrained in many Indigenous cultures, driving activists like Muñoz to oppose industries threatening their land. Recent international support for Indigenous rights has created alliances, though the protection of those advocating for these rights remains inadequate.

Activists often face threats as they challenge exploitative industries. Muñoz has experienced severe personal attacks, leading her to temporarily withdraw from activism to strategize. The system meant to protect these defenders is overwhelmed, with only a fraction of requests for help being fulfilled.

Despite Colombia’s recent ratification of the Escazú Agreement to safeguard environmental rights and promote participation in decision-making, local communities express feelings of neglect. The protection afforded remains insufficient, prompting many Indigenous groups to establish their own means of safeguarding their members.

Both Muñoz and her colleague Ramón Enrique Apraez Gómez have taken personal safety measures amid the prevailing violence. They emphasize the necessity for the government not only to offer protection but also to confront the underlying criminal elements directly.

Ultimately, while Colombia’s government shows willingness to address these issues, mere rhetoric will not suffice to change the realities faced by environmental defenders. Concrete actions and dedicated resources are essential to ensure the safety of those committed to protecting Colombia’s environmental heritage.

The situation for environmental defenders in Colombia remains perilous, despite governmental commitments to environmental justice. Activists like Waldina Muñoz underscore the dangers of fighting against powerful industrial interests and organized crime. While international efforts to support Indigenous rights show promise, effective protection mechanisms and genuine government action are necessary to safeguard those dedicated to environmental preservation.

Original Source: foreignpolicy.com